What is Contemporary Printmaking? By Loo Foh Sang 何谓现代版画？ - 卢伙生
What is Contemporary Printmaking?
By Loo Foh Sang
Contemporary printmaking refers to the original prints created with intrinsic value.
The Third International Congress of Plastic Arts, held in Vienna in 1960,
formulated the “declaration on original works of graphic art” which encompasses
the knowledge about prints, the standards, code, and formulae, and procedures
for the knowledge of artistic value and trade practice in graphic art. Part of
the content is as follows:
1.
The artists may use materials such as stone,
wood, metal and silkscreen as plates for printmaking; images shall be printed
on paper.
2.
Artists or those under the supervision of their
masters should make prints from their original plates.
3.
Signing prints by the artist is usually done in
pencil. The traditional practice is for the inscription to be placed under the
image, with the signature and date or year on the right, the title in the
middle and the number of edition on the left.
These regulations are adhered to in international print
exhibitions, with the exception for monotype and monoprint works. All the
participating artworks must be signed, dated and have the number of edition
stated. However, as print has gained increasing recognition as a major art form
in modern society, the above-mentioned stringent regulations on prints are
gradually relaxed. Today even monoprint is accepted to the international print
exhibitions. Monoprint, as the term “mono” implies, means only one print is
produced.
In recent years, collectors have become confused about
the originality of prints in the art market. Some prints are duplicated copies
or reproduction of original oil paintings, watercolour paintings, drawings and
even photographs. The prints have edition numbers and signatures of the artists
or their descendants. The original artworks undoubtedly have intrinsic artistic
value; however when they are made into prints for commercial purpose with high
return, this will affect the value of the original artwork. The public should
be clear about the differences between this kind of reproduction prints and the
original print created by the print-maker.
Towards the 20th century, the advancement in
science and technology has changed the mode of living and thoughts of mankind.
The emergence of alternative prints in various media of
art creation has expanded the boundaries of print-making; literally any art
form which has the characteristic of indirectness and repetition is encompassed
as print. Thus, prints today comprise of monotype, monoprint, mixed media print
and multiple print. Multiple print includes movie, photography, video and
installation. On the other hand, artists exploring missed media print may
experiment with various materials and technology such as video, computer
graphics and pretty much anything under the sun for creating art. Hence,
contemporary printmaking has marched into an era of mixed media in multiple
disciplines. Print plays an important role among modern art media and the
influence of print on other art forms is enormous.
何谓现代版画？
文：卢伙生
现代版画指的是创作版画（Original Print），即具有纯粹艺术本质、富创造性的版画。依据1960年第三届维也纳国际造形艺术会议的决议，创作版画的定义如下：
1.
创作者可使用石版、木版、金属版和绢布等材质制版，把心中的意象借版材转印于画纸。
2.
创作者亲手或亲自监督，自其原版直接印制的作品。
3.
创作者有责任在完成的作品上签名，一般用铅笔左右下角写下限定张数
(Edition Number)，左右下角签名和制作年代、日期等；中下位置可标明作品的题目。
国际版画展的参展规则必定有上述三项条规，且明文规定不接受单刷版画 (Monotype 或Monoprint)。参展作品除了作者签名，还需附上试版或限定版张次的记号。但，随着科技的进步及时代的改变，上述条规已逐渐放宽。目前，一些公开展览已接受单刷版画。因为单刷版画也具备版画的间接性特质，只是仅印刷一张而已。
近年来，世界各地的版画市场，充斥复制版画 (Estampe)，价格也相当于创作版画，使观赏者和收藏者混淆，宜多加注意。
所谓复制版画，是以油画、水彩、素描等作品为原画，请制版师制版，制成绢印照相蚀刻版，甚至平版印刷等，制成印刷品后，再限定号数及由作家（或由已故作家的家属或其他关系者）签名的作品总称。
这种原画本身已具备原作的价值，买卖作品就能获利，而复制品也能卖出获利。此种双重利益的获得，使美术原作的纯粹性丧失殆尽。版画原是创作者以作版画为目的的作品，具备创作动机和过程，不是素描的延长，也不是绘画的复制手段，不应该复制版画般来复制其他作画，其性质截然不同，应清楚认识。
20世纪的自然科学与工业技术发展，几乎支配了人类的生活和思想。版画正是在科技冲击的时代下，综合“艺术与科技”的造形产物。广义而言，只要具备“间接性”或“复数形”其中一个特质，就称为版画。因此，有单刷版画、复合版画（Multiple）及并用版画 (Mixed Media)。复合版画是指有复数性的版画创作，包括：电影、摄影、录影或立体造形，并用版画是创作者随心所欲地并用各版种技法来表现自己的意象，包括现今常用的科技媒体，如影印、电脑、摄影等的创作，实有趋向复合媒体表现的现象。
总之，现代版画的面貌多元。版画在现代艺术媒体中居有很重要的地位，并且还会对其他艺术表现媒体产生很大的影响。
Comments
Post a Comment